SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Regional Scale Nodes</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Regional Scale Nodes</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the U.S ocean observatory on the Juan de Fuca plate. For the Canadian observatory, see <a href="NEPTUNE" title="NEPTUNE">NEPTUNE</a>.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<p>The <a href="National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation's</a> (NSF) <a href="Ocean_Observatories_Initiative" title="Ocean Observatories Initiative">Ocean Observatories Initiative</a> (OOI) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oceanobservatories.org/infrastructure/ooi-station-map/regional-scale-nodes/"><b>Regional Scale Nodes</b></a> (RSN) <a href="System" title="System">component</a> is an <a href="Electro-optic" class="mw-redirect" title="Electro-optic">electro-optically</a> <a href="Cabled_observatory" title="Cabled observatory">cabled underwater observatory</a> that directly connects to the global <a href="Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. It is the largest <a href="Shielded_cable" title="Shielded cable">cable-linked</a> <a href="Seafloor" class="mw-redirect" title="Seafloor">seabed</a> <a href="Ocean_observations" title="Ocean observations">observatory</a> in the <a href="Earth" title="Earth">world</a>, and also the first of its kind in the <a href="United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States</a>.

</p><p>Located on the southern part of the <a href="Juan_de_Fuca_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan de Fuca Plate">Juan de Fuca Plate</a>, off the <a href="Pacific_coast" title="Pacific coast">coast</a> of <a href="Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> and <a href="Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, it is the first <a href="Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a> observatory to span a <a href="Tectonic_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic plate">tectonic plate</a>.

</p><p>RSN utilizes several <a href="Electric_power" title="Electric power">high-power</a>, <a href="Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">high-bandwidth</a> sub-sea terminals called primary nodes which are linked together by <a href="Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">fiber-optic cable</a> and provide support to <a href="Oceanography" title="Oceanography">oceanographic</a> sensors at key <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interactiveoceans.washington.edu/story/V14_Science">locations</a>.

</p><p>Upon completion of the network in 2014, RSN will cover a distance of over 900 <a href="Kilometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilometer">kilometers</a> at depths of up to 3000 meters. Implementation of the OOI Regional Scale Nodes is led by the <a href="University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington's</a> (UW) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocean.washington.edu">School of Oceanography</a>, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apl.washington.edu">UW Applied Physics Laboratory</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.l-3mps.com/maripro/index.aspx">L-3 MariPro</a>.

</p><p>Live RSN data from >100 seafloor and <a href="Water_column" title="Water column">water column</a> instruments will be made available <a href="Telepresence" title="Telepresence">live</a> on the Internet. This will allow both <a href="Scientist" title="Scientist">scientists</a> and the <a href="Public" title="Public">general public</a> to study long-term changes in ocean systems over the next 25 years.

</p><p>Construction of RSN will be completed in 2014. Efforts are substantially aided by the crews of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ropos.com/">ROPOS (Remotely Operated Platform for Observation Sciences</a>. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interactiveoceans.washington.edu/story/VISIONS_14">83-day VISIONS ’14 expedition</a> aboard the 274-foot global-class <a href="RV_Thomas_G._Thompson_(T-AGOR-23)" title="RV Thomas G. Thompson (T-AGOR-23)">R/V <i>Thomas G. Thompson</i></a> is responsible for the observatory's final implementation.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>The Regional Scale Nodes (RSN) is a component of the National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI). The NSF's OOI is managed and coordinated by the OOI Project Office at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oceanleadership.org">Consortium for Ocean Leadership</a> (COL) in <a href="Washington%2C_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> The UW, located in <a href="Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington, is the RSN Implementing Organization for the COL.

</p><p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interactiveoceans.washington.edu/story/Mission_and_Vision">vision</a> behind RSN is to launch a new era of scientific discovery and understanding of the oceans.

</p><p>The RSN consists of two <a href="Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructures</a>: primary and secondary. The primary infrastructure network, which was designed, qualified, manufactured, and installed in 2012 by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.l-3mps.com/maripro/index.aspx">L-3 Maripro</a>, consists of a shore facility located in <a href="Pacific_City%2C_Oregon" title="Pacific City, Oregon">Pacific City, Oregon</a>; two fiber-optic cable lines covering a distance of 800 kilometers, and seven primary science nodes.

</p><p>The RSN system delivers 200 <a href="Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kilowatts</a> of power and <a href="Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">240Gbit/s</a> of <a href="Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">TCP/IP</a> Internet data communications to the seven primary science nodes. RSN is designed to last for 25 years and is capable of significant expansion to serve <a href="Future" title="Future">future</a> science needs.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Prior to the emergence of underwater cabled observatories, oceanographers and other researchers studying the global ocean tended to rely on the use of research vessels and crewed submersibles in order to collect data. This was followed by a shift toward <a href="Remotely_operated_underwater_vehicle" title="Remotely operated underwater vehicle">Remote Operated Vehicles</a> (ROV's) and space-based research <a href="Satellite" title="Satellite">satellites</a>. The limitation to these methods was that they were either not cost-effective, or data could only be collected for short durations. While the importance of <a href="Exploration" title="Exploration">expedition-based</a> exploration was recognized, a solution was needed.

</p><p>In 1987, the concept of utilizing high-power, high-bandwidth underwater cabled observatories emerged as a long-term, cost-effective solution for conducting real-time monitoring of ocean systems.

</p><p>In the early 1990s, the United States and <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> formed an agreement to develop a plate-scale submarine electro-optically cabled ocean observatory in the northeast Pacific Ocean. This region is home to the smallest of Earth's tectonic plates – the Juan de Fuca plate. The small size and close coastal proximity of the Juan de Fuca plate presents a unique opportunity to observe the dynamic systems in submarine volcano regions.

</p><p>The partnership between the U.S. and Canada developed into a plan to build a Canadian cabled array that would cover the upper 1/3 of the Juan de Fuca plate, and a U.S. system spanning the lower 2/3 of the plate (cite). Together, this plate-scale observatory would be called <a href="NEPTUNE" title="NEPTUNE">NEPTUNE</a> (Northeast Pacific Time Series Underwater Networked Experiments) and would provide continuous observations for 25 years.

</p><p>By the mid-2000s, NEPTUNE Canada had received full funding and their cabled array was completed and online by 2009. It was brought under the umbrella network of <a href="Ocean_Networks_Canada" title="Ocean Networks Canada">Ocean Networks Canada</a> (ONC). Meanwhile, NEPTUNE U.S. was renamed to Regional Scale Nodes and became a component of the OOI. It is slated for completion in 2014. Both NEPTUNE Canada and RSN will be integrated through the ONC's digital infrastructure and the <a href="Cyberinfrastructure" title="Cyberinfrastructure">OOI Cyberinfrastructure</a> providing real-time access to anyone connected to the Internet.

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="border-width: 2px; color: #202122;background-color: Cornsilk;">

<p>"The goal of the program is to launch an era of scientific discovery and understanding across and within the ocean basins, utilizing widely accessible, interactive telepresence. It's a new world. We will be present throughout the volume of the ocean, at will, communicating in real time...So what can we actually do tomorrow? We're about to ride the wave of technological opportunity. There are emerging technologies throughout the field around oceanography, which we will incorporate into oceanography, and through that convergence, we will transform oceanography into something even more magical."

</p>

</blockquote>

<div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ooi.washington.edu/rsn/jrd/">John Delaney</a>, RSN Program Director and Principal Investigator</cite></div>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_Motivation">Scientific Motivation</h2></div>

<p>The scientific goals of RSN are significant. A vast array of natural phenomena that occur throughout the <a href="Sea" title="Sea">world's oceans</a> and <a href="Seafloor" class="mw-redirect" title="Seafloor">seafloor</a> are found in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. As a whole, the mission of RSN is to provide a human <a href="Telepresence" title="Telepresence">telepresence</a> in the ocean that will serve researchers, students, educators, policymakers, and the public. Scientists will be able to conduct local investigations of such global processes as major <a href="Physical_oceanography" title="Physical oceanography">ocean currents</a>, active earthquake zones, <a href="Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">creation of new seafloor</a>, and rich <a href="Aquatic_ecosystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquatic ecosystems">environments of marine plants and animals</a>.

</p>

<p>RSN is also designed to help anticipate both short and long-term ocean-generated threats and opportunities. Notably, RSN will be able to monitor the <a href="Geology_of_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="Geology of the Pacific Northwest">tectonic activity along the plate boundary</a>. There is hope that <a href="Seismometer" title="Seismometer">seismic sensors</a> could be installed at key areas along the <a href="Divergent_boundary" title="Divergent boundary">spreading center</a> which would serve as an early warning system for <a href="Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> and <a href="Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunamis</a>.

</p><p>The existence of a long-term <a href="Cabled_observatory" title="Cabled observatory">cabled observatory</a> will allow for long-term measurements of <a href="Biological_oceanography" title="Biological oceanography">biological communities</a>. In particular, the Juan de Fuca plate's divergent plate boundary has resulted in the existence of seafloor <a href="Hydrothermal_vent" title="Hydrothermal vent">hydrothermal vents</a> ecosystems, and other similar groups. These <a href="Deep_sea_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep sea communities">deep sea communities</a>, thriving in extremely harsh environments, pose a number of unsolved scientific questions which RSN will be capable of investigating.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Regional Scale Nodes Station Maps</div></div><div class="main"><div></div></div></div>

<p><b>Primary Infrastructure</b>

</p><p>The primary infrastructure of RSN consists of seven primary nodes which were installed in 2012 by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.l-3mps.com/maripro/index.aspx">L-3 Maripro</a>. They are terminal points which help distribute power and bandwidth to the networks of deployed sensors.

</p><p>Approximately 900 kilometers of cable (referred to as backbone cable) have been used to connect the primary nodes together. These cables make landfall at the shore station in <a href="Pacific_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific City">Pacific, City, Oregon</a>.

</p><p>In 2005, over 175 scientists across the United States responded to a Request for Assistance from the National Science Foundation to develop a cabled observatory on the Juan de Fuca Plate. Nodes are located at pre-selected experimental sites throughout the Juan de Fuca plate. <a href="Axial_Seamount" title="Axial Seamount">Axial Seamount</a>, <a href="Hydrate_Ridge" title="Hydrate Ridge">Hydrate Ridge</a> on the Cascadia Margin and shallow water sites west of <a href="Newport%2C_Oregon" title="Newport, Oregon">Newport, Oregon</a> (the Endurance Array) all have primary nodes installed. The primary nodes are all located in environmentally benign areas.

</p><p>Nodes also convert the 10kVdc <a href="Volt" title="Volt">voltage</a> levels from the backbone cable to 375Vdc which is then directed to the secondary infrastructure. The 375V switching systems and Node telemetry systems were designed and manufactured by Texcel Technology Plc based in England. The software to manage the ports and telemetry protection systems was also supplied by Texcel as an element manager sitting under a Network Management System (NMS).

</p><p>The primary nodes have a number of extra ports which offer the potential for large-scale future expansion (>100 kilometers).

</p><p><b>Secondary Infrastructure</b>

</p><p>The converted 375Vdc voltage from the primary nodes is then directed at low-and medium-power nodes and junction boxes. The nodes and junction boxes (similar to power strips) offer direct power and communications to the instruments at the experimental sites. In concert, these parts make up the RSN secondary infrastructure.

Extension cables are used to link the primary nodes to the secondary infrastructure, providing power and communications.

</p><p>Equipment is linked using wet-mate connectors. Different types of cable were installed depending on load requirements. Bandwidth from these cables ranges from 10 Gbit/s to 1 Gbit/s.

</p><p>During the VISIONS ’13 expedition to continue construction of RSN, over 22,000 meters of extension cables were installed on the ocean floor. The cables all successfully went online.

</p><p>Upon completion in 2014, over 100 cabled seafloor and water column instruments will be operational. These instruments will allow monitoring of biological, chemical, geological, and geophysical processes in the ocean. The secondary infrastructure will also include six mooring systems for water-column profilers.

</p><p>Cables are frequently deployed all across the world in ocean basins and margins. They have considerably long lifetimes. The backbone cable was installed in the summer of 2011. The commercial cable-laying ship, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.subcom.com/process/install-and-test/fleet.aspx">TE SubCom Dependable</a>, carried out this phase of the project.

</p><p>Special environmental requirements were also taken into account. Certain cables are substantially well-armored, especially those deployed in volcanic areas, such as Axial Seamount.

</p>

<div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Images taken by ROPOS during RSN construction and survey dives</div></div><div class="main"><div></div></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instruments">Instruments</h2></div>

<p>In order to fully understand complex ocean systems, a wide variety of sensor arrays, capable of surviving for long periods of time in harsh conditions, are necessary. A suite of sensors (over 100) were selected and strategically placed throughout RSN. They are located at Axial Seamount, Hydrate Ridge, and also on the water-column moorings.

</p><p>Instruments connected to the RSN include:

</p>

<ul><li>Conductivity Temperature Depth (located on profilers)</li>

<li>Dissolved Oxygen,</li>

<li>3-D Single Point Current Meter</li>

<li>Temperature</li>

<li>Fluorometers</li>

<li>Chlorophyll-a,</li>

<li>Optical Backscatter</li></ul>

<p>The instruments are the final spot of each regional network branch.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyberinfrastructure">Cyberinfrastructure</h3></div>

<p>The Regional Scale Nodes is connected into the OOI Cyberinfrastructure.

</p><p>The Cyberinfrastructure component of the OOI links marine infrastructure to scientists and users. The OOI Cyberinfrastructure manages and integrates data from all the different OOI sensors. It will provide a common operating infrastructure, the Integrated Observatory Network (ION), connecting and coordinating the operations of the marine components (global, regional, and coastal scale arrays). It will also provide resource management, observatory mission command and control, product production, data management and distribution (including strong data provenance), and centrally available collaboration tools.

</p><p>The Integrated Observatory Network (ION) connects and coordinates the operations of the OOI marine components with the scientific and educational pursuits of oceanographic research communities. The cyberinfrastructure is being designed and constructed by the <a href="University_of_California%2C_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2></div>

<p>Construction of RSN is ongoing. As of September 19, 2014, the primary infrastructure and most of the secondary infrastructure was successfully in place, and OOI RSN and UW APL crews were working to complete the vertical moorings for the shallow profiler.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outreach">Outreach</h2></div>

<p>The University of Washington has welcomed student participation in the implementation of RSN. As of 2014, there have been eight expeditions in which students have had the opportunity to work aboard the R/V Thomas G. Thompson and witness the construction of the cabled observatory. During these cruises, students develop projects utilizing the array of technology and scientific equipment on board.

</p><p>Students who participate in these expeditions go on to share their experiences with others.

</p><p>In 2014, over 30 graduate and undergraduate students worked alongside the researchers, engineers, educators, and crew during the 83-day VISIONS ’14 expedition.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFCarr2007" class="citation news cs1">Carr, Geoffrey (15 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/theworldin/science/displayStory.cfm?story_id=10105021&d=2008">"Visiting Neptune's kingdom"</a>. <i>The Economist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFDelaneyAlan_Chave2000" class="citation journal cs1">Delaney, John; Alan Chave (January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=2433">"NEPTUNE: A Fiber-Optic 'Telescope' to Inner Space"</a>. <i>Oceanus</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFThomson2014" class="citation web cs1">Thomson, Ashley (7 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ropos.com/index.php/news-and-media/press-releases/24-press-release-template-2">"Canadian Scientific Submersible Facility and University of Washington sign 2014 agreement for installation of US Regional Scale Nodes cabled observatory"</a>. Canadian Scientific Submersible Facility<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li></ul>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFDelaneyDeborah_KelleyS._Kim_Juniper2014" class="citation journal cs1">Delaney, John; Deborah Kelley; S. Kim Juniper (20 March 2014). "Establishing a new era of submarine volcanic observatories:Cabling Axial Seamount and the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge". <i>Marine Geology</i>. <b>352</b>: <span class="nowrap">426–</span>450. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MGeol.352..426K">2014MGeol.352..426K</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.margeo.2014.03.010">10.1016/j.margeo.2014.03.010</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFCapotosto2014" class="citation web cs1">Capotosto, David (16 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deepwaterbuoyancy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/DeepWater-Buoyancy-Press-Release-140616.pdf">"DeepWater Buoyancy Chosen for Ocean Observatories Initiative"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. DeepWater Buoyancy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHickey2013" class="citation web cs1">Hickey, Hannah (18 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washington.edu/news/2013/09/18/cables-instruments-installed-in-the-deep-sea-off-pacific-northwest-coast/">"Cables, instruments installed in the deep sea off Pacific Northwest coast"</a>. UW Today<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSoper2013" class="citation web cs1">Soper, Taylor (18 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geekwire.com/2013/internet-ocean-researchers-install-14-miles-cables-cameras-sensors-ocean-floor/">"Underwater lab: UW researchers install 14 miles of cables, cameras, sensors on ocean floor"</a>. GeekWire<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHickey2013" class="citation web cs1">Hickey, Hannah (1 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washington.edu/news/2013/07/01/work-this-summer-extends-reach-of-cabled-deep-ocean-observatory/">"Work this summer extends reach of cabled deep-ocean observatory"</a>. UW Daily<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFAhearn2013" class="citation web cs1">Ahearn, Ashley (17 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kuow.org/post/getting-ready-world-s-largest-underwater-observatory">"Getting Ready For World's Largest Underwater Observatory"</a>. KUOW.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFTheodoric2012" class="citation web cs1">Theodoric, Meyer (7 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2019096931_oceans08m.html">"UW leads ambitious effort to monitor the ocean"</a>. The Seattle Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBrown2012" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Molly (31 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geekwire.com/2012/university-washington-plants-ocean-nodes-collect-realtime-data/">"UW team deploying power and Internet to the sea floor"</a>. GeekWire<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFYardley2007" class="citation web cs1">Yardley, William (4 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/04/science/04ocea.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">"'Bringing the Ocean to the World,' in High-Def"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWitze2013" class="citation journal cs1">Witze, Alexandra (25 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F501480a">"Marine science: Oceanography's billion-dollar baby"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>501</b> (7468): <span class="nowrap">480–</span>482. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Natur.501..480W">2013Natur.501..480W</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F501480a">10.1038/501480a</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24067695">24067695</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1312130">1312130</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/zenoss-selected-for-cutting-edge-25-year-research-project-in-the-pacific-ocean-1423443.htm">"Zenoss Selected for Cutting-Edge 25-Year Research Project in the Pacific Ocean"</a>. MarketWired. 6 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBarone2012" class="citation web cs1">Barone, Jennifer (25 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discovermagazine.com/2012/jun/08-once-we-wire-it-what-will-ocean-tell-us">"Once We Wire It Up, What Will the Ocean Tell Us?"</a>. Discover Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBoa2007" class="citation web cs1">Boa, Susan (17 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-05/joi-ooc051707.php">"Ocean observing contracts awarded to UC San Diego and University of Washington"</a>. Joint Oceanographic Institutions<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFTruitt2013" class="citation web cs1">Truitt, Jack (30 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailyuw.com/archive/2013/04/30/news/uw-helps-lead-way-next-generation-oceanography#.VB0SHVLE28I">"UW helps lead the way for the next generation of oceanography"</a>. University of Washington - The Daily<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7022682.stm">"Oceans lined with research cable"</a>. BBC News. 2 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ims.metu.edu.tr/Sayfa.php?icerik=DuyuruOku&did=309">"A Sea Change for U.S. Oceanography"</a>. Middle East Technical University Institute of Marine Sciences. 3 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHoffmannEike_BreitbarthPhillip_W._BoydKeith_A._Hunter2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hoffmann, Linn J.; Eike Breitbarth; Phillip W. Boyd; Keith A. Hunter (6 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecite.utas.edu.au/95549/1/m470p191.pdf">"Influence of ocean warming and acidification on trace metal biogeochemistry Seamount and the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Marine Ecology Progress Series</i>. <b>470</b>: <span class="nowrap">191–</span>205. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3354%2Fmeps10082">10.3354/meps10082</a></span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSabineFeelyGruberKey2004" class="citation journal cs1">Sabine, Christopher; Feely, Richard A.; Gruber, Nicolas; Key, Robert M.; Lee, Kitack; Bullister, John L.; Wanninkhof, Rik; Wong, C. S.; Wallace, Douglas W. R.; Tilbrook, Bronte; Millero, Frank J.; Peng, Tsung-Hung; Kozyr, Alexander; Ono, Tsueno; Rios, Aida F. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/118610347/1193.full.pdf">"The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science</i>. <b>305</b> (5682): <span class="nowrap">367–</span>71. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Sci...305..367S">2004Sci...305..367S</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1097403">10.1126/science.1097403</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10261%2F52596">10261/52596</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15256665">15256665</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5607281">5607281</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interactiveoceans.washington.edu/story/VISIONS_14">VISIONS '14: Completing Construction of the Regional Scale Nodes</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apl.uw.edu/project/project.php?id=rsn">UW Applied Physics Laboratory RSN Page</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oceanobservatories.org/">Ocean Observatories Initiative Home Page</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/ooi/">Oregon Station University - OOI Endurance Array</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interactiveoceans.washington.edu/story/NSF+Ocean+Observatories+Initiative/">University of Washington - OOI Regional Component </a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091208021156/http://ci.oceanobservatories.org/">University of California, San Diego - OOI CyberInfrastructure </a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=22317/">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution - OOI Coastal Global Component </a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocean.washington.edu/">University of Washington School of Oceanography </a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.www.apl.washington.edu/">University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory </a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.l-3mps.com/maripro/index.aspx">L-3 MariPro Home Page</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oceanleadership.org">Consortium for Ocean Leadership Home Page</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocean.washington.edu/story/RV+Thomas+G+Thompson">R/V Thomas G. Thompson Home Page</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ropos.com/">CSSF-ROPOS Home Page</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texceltechnology.com/subsea-solutions/">Texcel Technology Plc SubSea Page</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-02" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Regional_Scale_Nodes&oldid=1278362192">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>